History

The World Economic Forum was first conceived in January 1971 when a group of European business leaders met under the partronage of the European Commission and European industrial associations. German-born Klaus Schwab, then Professor of business policy at the University of Geneva, chaired the gathering which took place in Davos, Switzerland. He then founded the European Management Forum as a non-profit organization based in Geneva, Switzerland, and drew European business leaders to Davos for their annual meeting each January. Initially, Professor Schwab focused the meetings on how European firms could catch up with US management practices. He also developed and promoted the "stakeholder" management approach which based corporate success on managers taking account of all interests: not merely shareholders, clients and customers, but employees and the communities within which they operate, including government.

Professor Schwab's vision for what would become the World Economic Forum grew steadilly as a result of achieving "milestones". Events in 1973, namely the collapse of the Bretton Woods fixed exchange rate mechanism and the Arab-Israeli War saw the annual meeting expand its focus from management to economic and social issues, and political leaders were invited for the first time to Davos in January 1974. Two years later, the organization introduced a system of membership, which were "the 1,000 leading companies of the world". The European Management Forum was the first non-governmental institution to initiate a partnership with China's economic development commissions, spurring economic reform policies in China. Regional meetings around the globe were also added to the year's activities, while the publication of the Global Competitiveness Report in 1979 saw the organization expand to become a knowledge hub as well.

The European Management Forum changed its name to the World Economic Forum in 1987 and sought to broaden its vision further to include providing a platform for resolving international conflicts. World Economic Forum Annual Meeting "milestones" during this time include the "Davos Declaration" signed in 1988 by Greece and Turkey which saw them turn back from the brink of war, while in 1989, North and South Korea held their first ministerial-level meetings in Davos, and at the same meeting, East German Prime Minister Hans Modrow and German Chancellor Helmut Kohl met to discuss German reunification. In 1992, South African President F. W. de Klerk met Nelson Mandela and Chief Mangosuthu Buthelezi at the Annual Meeting, their first joint appearance outside South Africa and a milestone in the country's political transition.

The Forum has since expanded its activities to include a Centre for Public-Private Partnerships which engages businesses, civil society and political authorities in iniatives ranging from health initiatives in India to alliances combating chronic hunger in Africa. The Forum's knowledge centre, the Centre for Strategic Insight, has also expanded to include several other competitive reports, the Global Gender Gap Report, Global Risk reports and regional scenario reports.