Health and Healthcare Systems

COVID-19: Collaboration is the engine of global science – especially for developing countries

Singaporean scientists work on development of a coronavirus test kit.

Singaporean scientists work on development of a coronavirus test kit. Image: Reuters/Edgar Su

Mukhisa Kituyi

• Chinese and Australian researchers made the COVID-19 genome freely available, speeding the vaccine hunt.

• Openness and collaboration most important for developing countries who might lack comprehensive research structures.

• More should be done to ensure quality standards on open science networks.

From smallpox to Ebola, international collaboration in health and science has historically been a major success. It has led to breakthroughs and advances we could not have imagined if countries had gone it alone.

But a post-COVID-19 world faces further retreat from multilateralism, undermining international collaboration in scientific and health research at a time when we need it most.

Why is collaboration an important and effective thing to do and how does science benefit overall?

Have you read?

In recent weeks, doctors, researchers, engineers and scientists from all fields of knowledge around the world have worked together tirelessly to confront the coronavirus outbreak with an unprecedented spirit of collaboration.

In January, a team of Chinese and Australian researchers published the first genome of the new virus, and the genetic map was made freely available for access by researchers worldwide. The virus has since been sequenced in excess of 3,000 times, charting both the original genome and its mutations. The much-needed vaccine would not be possible without this research.

There is strength in numbers. We learn more, and faster, together – and the pandemic is underscoring the critical role of international collaboration on the frontiers of science and technology.

Map of global scientific collaborations on COVID-19
Map of global scientific collaborations on COVID-19 Image: Netscity
No time for retreat

We simply cannot allow a withdrawal into a Hobbesian world of aggressive competition among states for commercial gain. Not when the global population is so large and interconnected; and not when lifesaving breakthroughs are needed in many places at once.

Now more than ever, there is a need to promote openness in access to data, to outcomes of research and to research infrastructure.

Calls for collaboration in the field of science and research are not uncommon across the scientific community and stem from the realization that such initiatives facilitate the breakthroughs that help humanity advance.

There is also a valuable development dimension to sharing knowledge and research, as tracked for more than two decades by the UNCTAD-administered United Nations Commission on Science and Technology for Development (CSTD), the UN’s focal point on science, technology and innovation.

International collaboration is particularly important considering the gaps in research capabilities within developing countries, and the limited ability of many countries to undertake technological horizon-scanning, foresight and risk assessment.

The Ebola response

Looking back, the Ebola outbreak in 2014-15 already revealed that strengthening research capacity in developing countries is vital for preventing, responding to and ending an epidemic.

Addressing global challenges in vastly different local contexts requires the combination of cutting-edge scientific capabilities with detailed local knowledge. This is the art in the science.

Global collaboration can contribute to this process, providing opportunities both to create new knowledge and to increase the impact of research by diffusing existing knowledge, quickly and at all levels.

The coronavirus outbreak demonstrates that problems that emerge in distant places can quickly become a local catastrophe.

It is thus crucial that scientific responses are based on international collaboration that brings together the best minds and available data from different countries for the benefit of all.

Openness on data

To protect this way of working, we need openness on two interrelated fronts: knowledge and science.

Open-source knowledge, data and information help local interests gain quick access to freely available technical know-how to allow them to domestically produce vital medical devices to treat COVID-19 patients.

For example, open-source knowledge on the virus is being topped up by many volunteer groups of scientists, engineers and others who have been working intensely to come up with solutions to the urgent challenges created by this outbreak.

A team of engineers, physicians, computer scientists and others at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have been working on a low-cost ventilator. Its open-source design was taken up by a group of Indian engineers (who develop robots) in a race to build ventilators to ease the country’s shortage.

This demonstrates the power of combining the improvisation, swift coordination and speedy action of public and private institutions to provide technical know-how, ensure the supply of components, and enable clinical trials tailored to local conditions.

Some developing countries are not able to come up with such quick-fix solutions due to a lack of skills, technical and productive capacity to produce medical equipment at scale.

Despite the obstacles that many countries face, a quick scan of the horizon amid the current pandemic shows not just desperation and helplessness, but also an innovativeness in developing and developed countries alike, which can benefit from greater collaboration in science, technology and innovation (STI).

For example, the Institut Pasteur in Dakar, Senegal has been working closely with the British biotechnology firm Mologic to develop a new form of rapid test kits for the COVID-19 virus, to be made in and distributed across Africa from their custom-built DiaTropix facility.

Similarly, researchers at the Kenya Medical Research Institute have joined the race with their colleagues from across the world in developing new vaccine candidates to meet the COVID-19 challenge.

We need to work together, globally, to ensure any COVID-19 recovery package includes substantial investments in STI infrastructure, institutions and human capital – all the underpinnings of sound innovation systems needed to ensure that all countries can quickly and collectively meet this and similar future challenges.

Open science in real time

Open science shares data in real time through searchable open-access databases. It is a powerful tool to contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals. The CSTD has long advocated for open science as a key instrument for scientific collaboration.

The Zika outbreak is one of many cases where open research was made available in real time during a crisis, helping the scientific community respond.

Arguably, this has helped many developing countries expand their scientific capacities in recent years, narrowing the gap that separates them from developed ones.

However, more needs to be done to formalize partnerships with and among developing countries in scientific research and address quality standards and regulatory oversight as part of a framework to enhance productive capacity.

Some encouraging examples where this is already the case include several projects currently active during the coronavirus outbreak, such as the African Coalition for Epidemic Research, Response and Training and the Partnerships for Enhanced Engagement in Research, a model of a North-South scientific collaboration.

The success of these projects will create a benchmark for others and enhance the overall ecosystem of sharing knowledge.

Still, there is much to improve in collaboration among developing countries. Even developing countries with relatively large science programmes mostly collaborate with developed countries, not other developing countries.

Beyond the pandemic

International collaborations in scientific research should become the norm and not the exception.

Today, COVID-19 has not only raised the expectations we have of science, it has also accentuated the fact that global challenges require global solutions.

Discover

What is the World Economic Forum doing about the coronavirus outbreak?

We must all face the challenges with unwavering unity to tackle not only the current pandemic, but also other unresolved crises such as climate change, which pose existential threats to humanity and will stay with us when this outbreak subsides.

Don't miss any update on this topic

Create a free account and access your personalized content collection with our latest publications and analyses.

Sign up for free

License and Republishing

World Economic Forum articles may be republished in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License, and in accordance with our Terms of Use.

The views expressed in this article are those of the author alone and not the World Economic Forum.

Stay up to date:

COVID-19

Related topics:
Health and Healthcare SystemsEmerging TechnologiesEquity, Diversity and Inclusion
Share:
The Big Picture
Explore and monitor how COVID-19 is affecting economies, industries and global issues
A hand holding a looking glass by a lake
Crowdsource Innovation
Get involved with our crowdsourced digital platform to deliver impact at scale
World Economic Forum logo
Global Agenda

The Agenda Weekly

A weekly update of the most important issues driving the global agenda

Subscribe today

You can unsubscribe at any time using the link in our emails. For more details, review our privacy policy.

What is health equity and how can it help achieve universal health coverage?

Chris Hardesty and Ruma Bhargawa

December 12, 2024

Universal health coverage: a global problem with local solutions

About us

Engage with us

  • Sign in
  • Partner with us
  • Become a member
  • Sign up for our press releases
  • Subscribe to our newsletters
  • Contact us

Quick links

Language editions

Privacy Policy & Terms of Service

Sitemap

© 2024 World Economic Forum