1977, graduate, Military Academy, Egypt; studied at a number of military colleges in Egypt, the UK and the United States; 1987, Master's degree, Egyptian Staff and Command College; 1992, Master's degree, Joint Command and Staff College, UK; 2003, Fellowship, Higher War College, Nasser Military Academy, Egypt; 2006, Fellowship, US Army War College. Experience abroad includes 1999-2000, Military Attaché, Egyptian Embassy in Saudi Arabia. 2010, appointed Head of Military Intelligence. August 2012 - March 2014, Minister of Defence. Since June 2014, seventh President of the Arab Republic of Egypt.