Since 1974, Professor, University of Pavia Law School; since 1994, Member, Chamber of Deputies; 1994-95, Finance Minister; 2001-04 and 2005-06, Minister of Economy and Finance; 2005-06, Deputy Prime Minister; Vice-President, Chamber of Deputies. Currently, also: Vice-President, Forza Italia; Visiting Professor, Institute of Comparative Law, Oxford. Participates in debates and conferences including Oxford Union Society, Cambridge Union Society, Humboldt Universität and Chatham House. Chairman, Aspen Institute Italia. Articles appear in Europe's principal newspapers. Author: La Paura e la Speranza (2008); Rischi Fatali - l'Europa Vecchia, la Cina, il Mercatismo Suicida: Come Reagire (2005); Lo Stato Criminogeno (1997); Il Fantasma della Povertà (1995). Co-Author: Il Federalismo Fiscale (1994); La Fiera delle Tasse (1991); Le Cento Tasse degli Italiani (1986).