BA in Law, University of Tokyo; MPhil in Economics, University of Oxford. Nearly four decades of professional experience in various capacities, including as Special Adviser to the Cabinet of a Japanese Prime Minister; Professor, Graduate School of Economics, Hitotsubashi University, Tokyo; Vice-Minister of Finance for International Affairs of Japan. 2005-13, President, Asian Development Bank; concurrently, Chairperson of the Board of Directors. Since 2013, Governor of the Bank of Japan.