Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) is Italy’s largest public research institution, founded in 1923 and supervised by the Ministry of University and Research. Headquartered in Rome, it operates a nationwide network of research institutes and departments spanning science, technology and the humanities. CNR conducts and coordinates multidisciplinary research, fosters innovation and technology transfer, and provides scientific advice to government. Its activities cover areas including health, environment, energy, materials, digital technologies, agriculture, and cultural heritage, contributing to national and European research initiatives and strengthening Italy’s scientific and technological capacity.