Simon Fraser University includes the Gerontology Research Centre, established in 1982, which conducts research on individual and population ageing including ageing and the built environment, health and ageing, the prevention of the victimization and exploitation of the elderly, changing demography and lifestyles, and culture and ageing. Its associated gerontology department, established in 1983, offers a minor, post-baccalaureate diploma and a Master's in Gerontology. A PhD programme commenced in 2009.