1980, degree (Hons) in Engineering and Economics, Tbilisi State University. 1987, PhD. 1973-83, with Kamo mechanical plant, Tbilisi; 1987-90, Senior Research Officer, Georgia Branch, Scientific Research Labour Institute, Tbilisi. 1990, joined Rossiyskiy Kredit Bank; 1990-91, Chief Accountant; 1991-94, President and Chairman of the Council; 1994-96, Member of the Council: since 1996, current position.