BSc in Psychology, University of Toronto; MPhil in Criminology, University of Cambridge; PhD in Criminal Justice, State University of New York. Formerly: over 23 years with Canadian federal service including: Privy Council Office, Department of Defence, Ministry of Justice and Ministry of Indian and Northern Affairs, responsible for policy development, research, strategic planning and programme administration; responsible Humanitarian Assistance programme, Canadian International Development Agency, managed budget of over CAD 350 million with staff of 380. Since 2008, current position.