Master's in Political Science, University of Helsinki. 1972-90, Member of Parliament: 1972-75, Member, Cultural Affairs Committee; 1977-79, Vice-Chairman, Agriculture and Forestry Committee; 1975-82, Member, then 1983-87, Chairman, Foreign Affairs Committee. 1976-79, Member, Supervisory Board, Televa Oy; 1978, '82, '88, Elector, President of the Republic; 1980-89, Member, then Chairman, Supervisory Board, Outokumpu; 1981-87, Secretary General, Social Democratic Party; 1983-87, Parliamentary Trustee, Bank of Finland, Speaker's Council; 1987-90, Minister of Finance; 1990-94, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary; Head of Finnish Mission, European Union. 1995-99, Member of the European Commission, Budget; personnel and administration; translation and in-house computer services. Currently, Commissioner, Enterprise and Information Society, European Commission.