1965, BSc in Chemical Engineering, Imperial College, London; 1967, MSc and 1970, PhD in Chemical Engineering, University of Toronto. Formerly: 1973, Lecturer, Mosul University; 1974, Assistant Professor, Baghdad University; 1975-77, Head of Radioisotope Production Department; 1977-79, Head of the Nuclear Chemistry Department, Iraqi Atomic Energy Commission; Chief Scientific Adviser, Iraqi Atomic Energy Commission; 1979-91, political prisoner, Abu Ghraib prison, for refusal to help the regime build an atomic weapon; fled to Iran; 1991-95, Head of the Gulf War Victims Organization; 1998-2003, Head of the Iraqi Refugees Aid Council; 2003, Head of the Iraqi Political Prisoners Union; 2003, Head of the Iraqi National Academy of Sciences; 2002-04, Visiting Professor, Surrey University, UK; 2004, Professor, Baghdad University; 2005, First Deputy Chairman, Iraqi National Assembly; 2006, Member of the Iraqi Parliament; 2006-10, Minister of Oil of Iraq. Since 2010, Deputy Prime Minister for Energy of Iraq. Honorary Degree of Doctor, Surrey University (2012). Roosevelt Freedom from Fear Award (2012).