1972, BSc in International Relations and 1973, MA in Economy and History, University College London; 1975, MSc in Economics, London School of Economics. 1992-95, Lecturer, Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics; co-edited Communist Economies journal; early 1980s, active in Polish Solidarity Campaign; 1989-91, Adviser to Poland's Deputy Prime Minister and Finance Minister; early 1990's, Adviser to Russia, on macroeconomic policy; 1995-2000 and 2005-06 Head, Department of Economics, Central European University, Budapest; 1997-2000, Chairman, Macroeconomic Policy Committee, Polish Ministry of Finance; Co-Founder, Center for Social and Economic Research; 2002-04, Economic Adviser to National Bank of Poland; 2004-07, Economic Adviser to Bank Pekao; since 2007, Minister of Finance. Author of articles on European enlargement, monetary policy, currency policy and transformation of post-communist economies. Recipient of awards: European Finance Minister of the Year, Banker magazine (2009); Finance Minister of the Year for Emerging Europe, Euromoney Institutional Investor (2009); Second Best Finance Minister in Europe, Financial Times (2010).