1980, Doctorate in Law, University of Tokyo, specialized in constitutional law, with emphasis on freedom of expression. With University of Tokyo: 1978, Research Associate; 1995-99, Director, Institute of Journalism and Communication Studies; 2000-02, Dean, Interfaculty Initiative in Information Studies and Dean, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Information Studies; 2005, Managing Director and Executive Vice-President; since April 2009, current position.