1992
Various positions at the Ministry of Economic Affairs
2001
Director of the European Integration and Strategy Department at the Ministry of Economic Affairs
2005
Deputy Director-General for Economic Policy at the Ministry of Economic Affairs
2007
Deputy Secretary-General at the Ministry of General Affairs
2011
Secretary-General at the Ministry of General Affairs
2014
Deputy mayor of Amsterdam and member of the municipal executive for D66 with responsibility for economic affairs, Schiphol airport, the Port of Amsterdam, historic buildings and monuments, culture and the arts, local media, municipal shareholdings and the city centre
26 October 2017 – 10 January 2022
Minister of the Interior and Kingdom Relations in the third Rutte government
10 January 2022
Appointed Minister of Defence in the fourth Rutte government