1976, degree in Economics, National University of Côte d'Ivoire; 1979, Master's in Economics, University of Cincinnati, 1980, MBA in Finance, and 1982, PhD in Economics, University of Cincinnati. 1981-82, Professor of Economics, University of Cincinnati. 1982-95, with the IMF as Economist, then Senior Economist, Guinea Bissau, Togo, Cape Verde, Senegal; 1990-91, Resident Director, Senegal. 1991-95, Economic Counsellor to the Prime Minister of Côte d'Ivoire and 1996-99, Director, Cabinet of the Prime Minister. With the Union Monétaire Ouest Africaine (UEMOA): 2000-03, Director, International Relations; 2005, Director, Research; 2006-07, Director, Economic and Monetary Department; 2007-08, Senior Adviser and Comptroller-General. 2009, Adviser to the Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of Congo. 2010-13, Resident Director, Chad, World Bank. Since 2012, Minister of Industry and Mines of Côte d'Ivoire. Former President, Commission Nationale des Investissements, Senegal.