1991, Bachelor of Pedagogics (Education); 1993, MA in Social Policy, majoring in Urban Affairs and Policy; 2003, National Certificate in Economics and Public Finance. 2009-14, Minister of Public Enterprises. From May 2014, Minister of Home Affairs. Since 31 March 2017, Minister of Finance of the Republic of South Africa. Member, African National Congress; serves on its National Executive Committee and National Working Committee.