Studies in Medicine, Necker Enfants Malades, France; studies in Immunology, Pasteur Institute, France. Post-doctoral Fellow, Harvard University, USA. Formerly: Professor of Immunology, René Descartes University; 1985, Founder, AIDS clinic, Paris; 1988, Founder, HIV night clinic, Paris; 1998-2005, Director, French National Agency for Research on AIDS and Head, Department of Immunology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou; 2005-07, French Ambassador on HIV/AIDS and communicable diseases. Formerly, Chair: Technical Review Panel, Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria; HIV/AIDS Committee, WHO. Member of several non-governmental organizations. Author.