2005, PhD in History and Political Sociology, Department of Indonesian Islamic Studies, University of Melbourne. 1986-99, Editor-in-Chief, Panji Masyarakat and Ummat, the two leading Islamic magazines in Indonesia; 2006-07, independent expert representing Asian states, UN High Commissioner for Human Rights; since 2006, Lecturer, School of Postgraduate Studies, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah, Jakarta. Author: Future of Islam and Democracy in Indonesia - Between Hope and History; The Interplay Between US Foreign Policy and Political Islam in Post-Soeharto Indonesia; The Clash of Religio-Political Thought - The Contest Between Radical-Conservative-Islam and Progressive Liberal Islam in Post-Soeharto Indonesia; The Future of Secularism.