1975, BA in Economics, Tokyo University; 1979, Master's in Public Affairs, Woodrow Wilson School, Princeton University. 1986, Associate, Center for International Affairs, Harvard University; 1990-92, Visiting Professor, Saitama National University. Formerly with Ministry of Finance, Japan, including: Director-General, International Bureau; 1998-2001, Executive Director, Japan, Asian Development Bank; 2007-10, Vice-Minister of Finance for International Affairs, participated in IMFC, G7-G8, G20, ASEAN plus 3; since March 2010, Deputy Managing Director, International Monetary Fund (IMF), Washington DC.