Studies in Management, INSEAD, France, and ISCAE, Casablanca; diploma in Social Sciences and Master's in Economic Development, Grenoble, France; PhD in Economics, Université des Sciences Sociales de Grenoble, France. 1980s: three years as Administrator and Financial Official, Electricity and Water Authorities, Rabat and Tangier; Administrative and Financial Director, a Franco-Tunisian company specialized in electricity, plumbing, refrigeration and maintenance. Since 1993, Director General, SETTAVEX, a subsidiary of Spanish Group TAVEX, specialized in textile manufacture, and Commercial Director of group for Morocco, Africa and Middle East; 2002, President, Moroccan Association of Textile and Clothing Industries; 2004, Minister of Industry, Trade and Economic Restructuring; since 2007, current position.