Doctorate in Operation Research, Technion. Over 50 years' experience co-founding, leading and helping build over 85 high-tech companies. Formerly: Director-General, ministries of Development and Energy; Chairman, Israel National Oil Co.; Jerusalem Foundation; participated in peace talks with Egypt, Palestinians, Jordan, Syria; advised World Bank, UNDP, Mexico Gov't; early entrepreneur in Israel; co-pioneered instant messaging as founding investor and chairman, Mirabilis; creator, ICQ, sold to AOL; numerous IPOs and acquisitions by Microsoft, Yahoo, eBay, Cisco, IAC, others; member, boards, state and private corporations.