PhD, College de France. With Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital: 1979, Professor of Experimental Medicine and Cell Biology; 1985-2000, Director, Mechanisms and Consequences of Neuronal Death laboratory, Inserm U289 laboratory; 1993, Chairman, Federation of Neurology; since 1995, Coordinator, Clinical Investigation Centre; 1996-98, Counsellor for Neurosciences, Inserm; 1998-2005, Chairman, Institute of Neurosciences; 2000-02, Chairman, Institute of Neurology; since 2005, current position. Formerly, President: French Society of Neurology; Scientific Council, Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale. Member of several European and international societies. Author of scientific articles. Recipient of awards.