1975, graduate, Beijing Chemical Engineering Institute; 1985, PhD, Tsing Hua University. 1986-89, Assistant Minister of Foreign Trade; 1986-91, Member, State Economic System Restructuring Committee; 1986-89, Assistant Minister of Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation; 1991-95, Vice-President, Bank of China; 1995-98 Director, State Administration of Foreign Exchange; 1996-98, Deputy Governor, People's Bank of China; 1998, became President, China Construction Bank, 2000, became Chairman, China Securities Regulatory Commission; since 2003, current position.