Trump tariffs: Visualising US trade restrictions

This article has been developed in collaboration with Kearney.

Since returning to the White House in January, US President Donald Trump has threatened and imposed a series of new tariffs.

The tariffs, which target major US trading partners, have prompted a flurry of diplomatic activity. Several trade deals have been announced, including with major trade partners, while other talks are ongoing. New tariffs also target specific sectors like cars and metals; further sectoral tariffs may be in the pipeline.

For a better visual understanding of the tariffs and deals in play, see the following infographics and be sure to revisit this page for insights on future developments.

Since 7 July 2025, a number of countries received formal notifications from the White House that they will face tariffs ranging from 25% to 50% on 1 August 2025, postponing a July target for higher tariffs.

These tariffs are framed as "reciprocal adjustments" based on perceived trade imbalances. The list includes allies and emerging markets alike.

The notifications are the latest development since the Trump administration unveiled a new tariff regime on 2 April that applies a baseline additional tariff of 10% on US imports from all countries. Trump also announced that around 80 countries would face higher tariffs ranging from 10-50%, based on calculations conducted by the administration.

The proposed tariff regime in April triggered a global sell-off in equities and US Treasuries, tanking financial markets worldwide. On 9 April, the day the higher tariffs were set to go into effect, Trump announced a 90-day pause on most of the additional tariffs above 10%. Stock markets surged following the reversal. Reactions to the July announcements were more muted.

Following China’s retaliation on the US tariffs in April, the Trump administration imposed reciprocal tariffs of up to 125% on Chinese imports on 15 April. Combined with the existing 20% "fentanyl" tariff under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA), total duties on some products reached as high as 145%.

These tiered tariffs were later paused and reduced under a Geneva agreement in May 2025, bringing most Chinese imports back to a 30% total tariff.

Since that May reduction, no new increases have been enacted. China tariffs remain steady at ~30% during the pause. Chinese Vice Premier He Lifeng will hold talks with US Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent in Stockholm end of July to reach an agreement ahead of the 12 August deadline.

On 4 March 2025, the US imposed 25% tariffs on a wide range of imports from Canada and Mexico, while Canadian energy exports such as oil and natural gas were subject to a lower 10% tariff. The measures affected over $900 billion in combined trade, marking one of the most significant tariff escalations in North American economic relations.

In response, Canada announced phased 25% retaliatory tariffs on CAN$155 billion (approx. US$107 billion) worth of US goods, including agricultural equipment and processed foods. Mexico also pledged to retaliate but initially delayed implementation pending further diplomatic talks.

On 6 March, the White House temporarily delayed the application of the 25% tariffs on automobiles and auto parts, as well as USMCA-eligible goods, for a 30-day period, citing concerns from major US automakers and North American supply chain disruptions.

On 12 July 2025, President Trump announced a new tariff escalation, increasing duties to 35% on Canadian imports and 30% on goods from Mexico effective 1 August 2025. The White House cited ongoing concerns over fentanyl trafficking from Mexico and persistent trade imbalances with Canada.

Canada has delayed implementation of its retaliatory measures in hopes of reaching a resolution before the August deadline, while Mexico continues diplomatic discussions and has warned it will respond proportionally if the tariffs take effect as planned.

Together, the two targeted economies are two of the US’ top sources of imports. Various experts expect the tariffs will curb growth and stoke inflation. Yet the full scale of the economic impact will in part depend on the retaliatory measures.

In late March, Trump issued an executive order imposing 25% tariffs on all imported cars and key parts, to take effect from 2 April. The levy will apply on top of other tariffs.

The executive order also indicates that cars and parts traded under the USMCA will face a tariff on non-US content – though only after customs has established a process to do so.

Analysts estimate about half the vehicles sold in the US are imported, while US-assembled cars contain around 60% foreign-sourced parts.

In February 2025, President Trump issued proclamations imposing 25% tariffs on steel and aluminium imports, effective 12 March 2025, under Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act.

The rate was doubled to 50% from 4 June 2025, with some exemptions for the UK.

On 8 July, the Trump administration announced a 50% tariff on all copper imports, set to take effect on 1 August 2025. The White House justified the move as part of a broader push to reduce dependency on foreign critical materials.

The US currently sources copper primarily from Chile, Canada, Mexico and Peru. Copper is a vital input in electric vehicles, renewable energy systems and defence equipment.