PhD in Economics, University of Michigan. Director of the Research Area “Global Economics: Trade, Investment and Development” of the Global Governance Programme, Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies at the European University Institute; Research Fellow, CEPR; Senior Associate, Economic Research Forum for the Arab Countries, Iran and Turkey. Former: Director of the International Trade Department, World Bank; Research Manager of the Trade Team, Development Research Group of the World Bank; Task Leader of the Trade Capacity Building Program, World Bank Institute; Research Economist, GATT Secretariat. Has published widely on the multilateral trading system and economic development, trade in services, and preferential trade agreements.