
Why the most advanced AI models are not always the best choice
In controlled tests of an enterprise system handling supplier invoices, the most capable and expensive AI configuration performed worst – revealing why task fit beats raw model power.
Rui Yang Teo is a supply chain leader working on AI and decarbonization in global logistics. He is a Senior Program Manager on Apple's Worldwide Supply Chain team, where he owns the transportation decarbonization roadmap supporting Apple 2030, the company's carbon neutrality goal, across packaging and fulfillment efficiency, global supplier accountability, and emerging decarbonization technologies.
Prior to this, he was an Agentic AI Research Associate at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he co-authored research on agentic AI in supply chain operations, designing and benchmarking multi-agent systems for enterprise use with a focus on compliance-aligned autonomy, auditability, and human oversight.
That work built on nearly five years with Apple in Singapore, where he started in the company's supply chain leadership rotation program before moving across supply-demand planning, new product introduction, and logistics sustainability. Mr. Teo led machine learning work that improved allocation forecasting and shifted MacBook shipments from air to ocean freight in support of Apple's climate goals.
The same interest in applying AI to sustainability problems led him to co-found GreenChain, a green finance startup using AI to automate Scope 1 to 3 emissions calculations from supply chain data for financial institutions in the timber, construction, and transportation sectors. GreenChain is backed by Google Startups for Sustainable Development and Startupbootcamp Amsterdam.
Outside his work, Mr. Teo serves as Curator of the Global Shapers Cambridge-MA Hub, leading 35 young leaders on sustainability and civic initiatives. He moderated sessions on AI and industrial innovation at the MIT Global Startup Workshop 2026 in Daegu, which brought together over 1,000 founders, investors, and policymakers. He also represented Singapore as a Climate Youth Delegate at UN COP29, leading the youth delegation's policy report to Singapore's Minister for Sustainability and the Environment, and is one of 20 Temasek Foundation NextGen Ecosphere Leaders in Asia, presenting climate initiatives at the Earthshot Prize Summit in Rio and Ecosperity Week in Singapore.
Mr. Teo holds a Master of Applied Science in Supply Chain Management from MIT, an MS in Analytics from Georgia Tech, and a BSc (Hons) in Chemistry from the National University of Singapore, where he specialized in environmental chemistry. He believes supply chains decarbonize when sustainability is built into daily operating decisions rather than treated as a reporting exercise, and that is the work he wants to keep doing.