Fourth Industrial Revolution

This new treatment kills cancer with something you might not expect

Phlebotomist Colliston Rose labels a blood sample taken from cancer patient Deborah Charles during a weekly test to monitor blood counts at Georgetown University Hospital's Lombardi Cancer Center in Washington May 23, 2007. Since Charles, a journalist for Reuters, was diagnosed with breast cancer in November 2006, she has had to back away from actively covering the news and has had three operations, four rounds of chemotherapy and has been visiting the hospital at least once a week for appointments and treatment. Photo taken May 23, 2007. To match feature WITNESS-CANCER/DISCOVERY  REUTERS/Jim Bourg  (UNITED STATES) - GM1DVKLYUVAA

Ethanol can kill some kinds of tumors when injected in a process called ethanol ablation. Image: REUTERS/Jim Bourg

Karla Lant

In brief

New research proves that an ethanol-based gel can achieve a 100 percent cure rate when injected directly into squamous cell tumors. This low-cost, easily administered cancer treatment could significantly improve outcomes in the developing world.

Ethanol-based cancer treatments

Researchers from Duke University have achieved a 100 percent cure rate for squamous cell carcinoma in a hamster model by injecting an ethanol-based gel directly into tumors. The work, published in Nature Scientific Reports, was inspired by an existing low-cost therapy called ethanol ablation, and improves the method to work on a wider variety of tumors.

Have you read?

Ethanol — the kind of alcohol that makes cocktails interesting — can kill some kinds of tumors when injected because it destroys proteins and fatally dehydrates cells, in a process called ethanol ablation. Ethanol ablation is already used to treat one variety of liver cancer, with a cost of less than $5 per treatment and a success rate similar to that of surgery.

However, ethanol ablation as a treatment technique is limited. The researchers sought to improve the technique by blending ethanol with ethyl cellulose to create a solution that transforms into a gel within tumors, remaining close to the injection site.

Image: Morhard et al

The team trialed the gel on a hamster model: specifically, in hamsters with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Control hamsters’ tumors were injected with pure ethanol, while experimental hamsters received the new ethanol gel. After seven days, 6 of 7 tumors regressed completely in the hamsters who received the ethanol gel. By the eighth day, all 7 tumors were gone, for a cure rate of 100 percent.

Cancer treatments for everyone

Cancer therapy is expensive everywhere, but in the developing world, it is often simply unavailable. Cutting-edge technology is in short supply in developing areas, and even healthcare professionals and electricity may not be available. This is why a person in the developing world with a cancer diagnosis is far more likely to die from it than a person in the developed world.

Image: World Economic Forum

Most new cancer treatment research focuses on very expensive techniques, some of which may not even be economically viable in places like the United States. These new methods almost universally require sophisticated medical facilities for treatment. Simple, low-cost, non-surgical cancer treatments like the one demonstrated in the Nature study are therefore badly needed in developing areas.

The small sample sizes and animal model used in this research mean more work is required before this research goes beyond the proof-of-concept stage. Even so, the results are very promising. The team thinks even a single injection of the ethanol-based gel could cure certain kinds of tumors, and that it may be able to treat some cervical precancerous lesions and breast cancers. Perhaps most profoundly, any advances in this research will benefit patients all over the world.

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