Noam Boussidan, Daniel Boero Vargas and Dilip Krishna
December 16, 2025
In 2009, a team of scientists identified the 9 natural processes that regulate Earth’s biosphere and keep it stable. These include climate change, biodiversity, ocean acidification and freshwater. The team, led by Rockström, also defined the safe planetary boundary for each process. A safe and sustainable future for humanity lies within these boundaries. Crucially, these processes don’t operate in isolation but are entwined and interdependent.
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Noam Boussidan, Daniel Boero Vargas and Dilip Krishna
December 16, 2025