Where are men far more self-confident than women? The answer might surprise you

Jan 7, 2016

Annalisa Merelli

Senior Reporter, Quartz

Our Impact

What's the World Economic Forum doing to accelerate action on Wellbeing and Mental Health?

The Big Picture

Explore and monitor how Mental Health is affecting economies, industries and global issues

A hand holding a looking glass by a lake

Crowdsource Innovation

Get involved with our crowdsourced digital platform to deliver impact at scale

Stay up to date:

Mental Health

This article is published in collaboration with Quartz.

Self-confidence is hard to build—though perhaps not for everyone.

Decades of studies that have been focusing on defining self-esteem—”an individual’s subjective evaluation of his or her worth as a person”—by observing its dynamics in the US and other developed Western nations. But a recent paper published in December in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology confirms that there is a difference between the genders, as men tend to have a higher self-esteem than women, especially during the teenage years and early adulthood.

Interestingly, the gender gap appears a lot more marked in Western countries. “Individualistic, prosperous, egalitarian, developed nations with higher gender equality had larger gender gaps in self-esteem than collectivist, poorer, developing nations with greater gender inequality,” Wiebke Bleidorn, professor at the University of California, Davis and the lead author of the study, told the American Psychology Association.

The study surveyed nearly a million men and women aged 16-45 across 48 countries. Wiebke and her colleagues have represented the findings of their research in an interactive map showing the gap between male and female self-esteem:

While in many countries the difference tends to move down the scale (from blue to pink), all the countries where the gap between men and women is smaller are concentrated outside the Western world, with the exception of Finland; in many countries, the gap between men and women increased with age.

“It suggests that there might be cultural factors that in developed, prosperous countries are leading to relatively bigger differences between men and women’s self-esteem,” Wiebke told Quartz.

Publication does not imply endorsement of views by the World Economic Forum.

To keep up with the Agenda subscribe to our weekly newsletter.

Author: Annalisa Merelli is an ideas reporter for Quartz.

Image: A Japanese businesswoman (C) commutes to work in Tokyo’s Marunouchi district. REUTERS/Kiyoshi Ota.

Don't miss any update on this topic

Create a free account and access your personalized content collection with our latest publications and analyses.

License and Republishing

World Economic Forum articles may be republished in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License, and in accordance with our Terms of Use.

The views expressed in this article are those of the author alone and not the World Economic Forum.